Feb 2, 2010

[Society with No Connections : Deaths of Isolated Individuals] 無縁社会~“無縁死” 3万2千人の衝撃~



NHK program on Jan 31, 2010 (9:00 p.m.- 9:58 p.m.)

Society with No Connections
"Deaths of Isolated Individuals" - 32,000 people died this way

I watched this NHK program this week which was on deaths of individuals, the names and ages of which are unable to be identified.

First of all, there is statistics that over 30,000 people have committed suicide a year in Japan, which has kept the same pace for the past twelve years. And apart from that, for these couple of years, the number of people who are found dead are rapidly increasing with their names and ages unidentified. An NHK survey reports that 32,000 people ended their lives that way in 2008. The deaths are due to suicide or any disease, and there is no way to find the person's family or relative to take care of his or her death. There was a time in this country, the program says, that an each individual was strongly connected to another; such as family, relatives or community; which was a noticeable background of this country's culture. Not only this human bondage has become weaker but also even the employment system has become unstable, which created this phenomenon, the NHK program says.

An increasing number of companies or NPOs has emerged for these 2 or 3 years to take an overall process of the dead, including cleanup of rooms and burying of bones. The demand for the services is even increasing for people who are worried about after he or she died.

There is the man who the TV grogram focused on:
He was found dead in his apartment in Tokyo, and he was documented as the name unknown and the age estimated as 60 - 80. He died when he was watching television. The NHK crews tried to find where he was working at. From the his apartment contract, his name and his former workplace was known. He was working for a food center for 20 years, but since his retirement he became isolated. His resume was found in his former company and it turned out that he was from Akita prefecture. One of his old co-workers said he looked sad always and guessed that he might have wanted to get back to his hometown. So the reason why he was out of town for a long time should have been for work. The crew went to his old address when he was born but the place was no longer his family’s property but a building of commercial purposes. His parents had passed away already. - This was the first person to be introduced.

After that, two persons answered the NHK interviews, who had to say something about his/her own situation.

One was a man who used to work for a huge and famous company. He recollects that he was so busy that he used to come back home early in the morning everyday, until he was caught by disease and divorced his wife. His two children left him with their mother. He lives by himself and seems to have everyday things quite well enough, but he said he was worried about the time he died. He cries hard when talking about when he saw a family during a trip, which was mediocre but looked quiet and beautiful.

Another person was an old female who lives by herself in an apartment. She used to a nurse until her retirement. She didn’t have a chance to marry because she had to take care of her parents until they passed away. She looks very healthy and speaks with great intelligence. Everything looks very organized in her room – even in the refrigerator. But she says she is worried about the time she died and says she even cries about not being connected with anyone.

What a sad phenomenon. This is what’s happening, and this can happen to anyone.

So many things have become greatly advanced. Science, technology, customer services... each one is excellent but why does this all happen that a person dies alone with no one to take care of him or her? And no one can tell who the person was.
I am thinking this way: relationships are underestimated while each technology field is deepened and narrowed, and this is even true with people. Each individual became more self-seeking, but mutual connections turned a lot weaker.

So what are the antidotes? -- Getting back to an old time of history (like 100 years ago) to be more group oriented? Or create such jobs that will monitor an individual at a data center or something? (I know I am getting to extremes.) Or is it another new jobs or social systems that might work for that?

I don’t really have a good idea. But at least this TV program gave me an opportunity to think more deeply about it.

I realize an importance of working as a medium to connect one with other. I personally think it is even true whether it be for individuals or social stuffs. In order to be a good instrument to work for that, I ask myself, what specific skills or quality should be necessary? I don’t think it is a simple thing to do but I think that it is worth pondering. This is what I started to think about after I watched this program.


NHK 2010年1月31日(日) 9:00 p.m.- 9:58 p.m.

無縁社会
~“無縁死” 3万2千人の衝撃~

今週NHKで「無縁死」といったテーマを扱ったテレビ番組が放送されていました。死亡後発見されるも、名前や年齢が不明の人が近年増加しているのだそうです。

まず、統計によると日本の自殺者数は毎年3万人以上に及び、その数は12年連続で続いています。

それとは別に、ここ数年、名前も年齢も不明で死後発見される件数が急速に増加しているとのこと。NHKの調査によると、2008年におけるその数は3万2千人。死因は自殺・病死さまざまで、共通しているのは死後、親類・縁者と連絡を取る術がないこと。「無縁死」とここでは定義。

かつて個人は家族・親類・地域社会とつながっていたもので、それが日本文化の一つでもあった。しかし、最近はそういう繋がりも薄れてしまった。のみならず雇用不安によって会社との繋がりさえも弱まっていった。そのため今回の話題に焦点を当てるに至った、と番組は言う。

ここ2、3年で無縁死した人の部屋の掃除・遺骨の埋葬等、一連の手続きを行なう企業やNPOを相次いで出現しているとのこと。自分の死後を心配してこういったサービスを受けたいという人も増加しているとのこと。

ここで1人の男性が紹介:
この男性はアパートの一室で死亡しているのを発見。氏名・年齢不詳、と書類上の手続きをされる。テレビを見ている途中に死亡したらしい。NHKの番組スタッフは、アパートの契約書から名前と勤務先を洗い出し、彼の人生の軌跡を追うことに。男性は給食センターに20年勤務していたことが判明。定年を迎え、退職後、人とのつながりを無くした。その会社は男性の履歴書を保管しており、そこで彼は本籍地を秋田県に持つ人間であることが判明。以前の同僚によると、男性はいつもさびしそうに見えたことから、故郷に帰りたかったのではないか、と振り返る。そのことから、男性は仕事のためにあえて故郷から離れて暮らしていたと推察。番組スタッフはさらに男性の本籍地を訪問。しかしそこにあったのは男性の実家ではなく、商業用の建物。男性の両親はすでに他界。
以上が、最初に紹介された人物の足取。

この他に、2人の人物がNHKの取材に応じる。
1人目は、有名な大企業に勤めていた男性。仕事が多忙で帰宅は毎日日付を回った頃であったと振り返る。そんな中、男性は病に倒れ、その後離婚。2人の子供は母親に引き取られた。男性は1人暮らしで、物質的には十分満たされているように見える。しかし、自分が死んだ時のことが心配だと話す。旅行中に見た、何の変哲もない平凡な家族の光景を思い出しながら語る際、男性は激しく涙する。

もう1人は、アパートに一人暮らしをする年配の女性。定年まで看護士として活躍。両親の介護に追われ、自身は結婚をしないできた。女性は見るからに健康そうで、しかも非常に聡明な話し方をする。部屋は良く片付いており、冷蔵庫の中までしっかり管理している。しかし、女性は自分が死んだ際のことを心配する。そして自分に身寄りがないことを思い、泣くこともあるという。

なんという悲しい現実なのか、と私は思う。しかし、これは実際に起こっていることであり、しかも誰にでも起こりうることなのだ。

世の中のいろいろなものが進化した。科学・技術・顧客サービス等。1つ1つは確かに素晴らしい。しかし、なぜこういう無縁死が出てきたのか。独りで死んで、誰も身寄りがない。しかも、その死んだ人が誰なのかも分からない。
私はこんなふうに思っている。テクノロジー分野の各部門が細分化し、高度に進化した一方、「関係」というものが軽視されてきたのでは、と。人間についても同様のことが言えると思う。個人個人は自己の追及に邁進(まいしん)したが、その一方人間レベルでの繋がりは大きく弱まった。

対策はあるのだろうか。100年前の状態に戻って昔の日本人をやるべきか。それともデータセンターを設置し、各個人の様子についての監視・管理をすべきか。(極端な言い方をしていますが。)はたまた、そういった「繋がり」にまつわる仕事や社会システムを創出するのか。

さて、私には良い案がまだ思い当たりません。ただ、少なくともこのテレビ番組によって、より深く考えるきっかけを得たことは確かです。

人と人あるいはある立場と別の立場の中間に立つ役割の大切さを私は再認識しました。個人的なものであろうと社会的なものであろうと、いずれも同じく大切なことだと思います。自分がそこで良い役割を演じるためにはどんなスキルや資質を持っていなければならないだろう。言うほど簡単なことではないと思います。しかし、懸命に考えるだけの価値はあります。そういったことを今回のNHKの番組を通して私は考えた次第です。

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